Next
Tuesday will mark the 40th anniversary of the final voyage of the SS
Edmund Fitzgerald, which occurred on November 10, 1975. The freighter went down in a storm on
Lake Superior, taking all 29 on board.
SS Edmund Fitzgerald |
The
SS Edmund Fitzgerald was launched on June 8 and made her maiden voyage on September 24, 1958. She was one of the largest ships to traverse
the Great Lakes at 729-feet, and also the largest ship to have sunk there.
Mr. Edmund Fitzgerald |
The
ship was named for Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company’s president and
chairman of the board, Edmund Fitzgerald. The insurance company owned the
Fitzgerald. The ship had several nicknames including “The Big Fitz,” and the
“Titanic of the Great Lakes.”
The
ship mainly carried iron ore from the mines near Duluth, Minnesota to the iron
works located in Detroit and other ports on the Great Lakes. Round trips
usually took her five days, and she made between 45 and 50 trips a season. It
was estimated that she had made close to 750 trips during her 17 years on the
Lakes. The Fitzgerald set numerous hauling records, many times besting her old
records.
Superior, Wisconsin Lighthouse |
On
November 9, 1975 the Fitzgerald departed from Superior, Wisconsin loaded with 26,116
tons of ore pellets, and heading to Detroit. Her captain was 63-year-old Ernest
M. McSorley, a Canadian with over 40 years experience on the Great Lakes. McSorley
had taken over as captain of the freighter in 1972. This was to have been his
final voyage before retirement.
November Gales |
The
ship was en route for all of 20 minutes when the National Weather Service issued
gale warnings for the region that the Fitzgerald would be sailing into early
the next morning. This was a bad omen as November is known as “The Month of
Storms” on the Great Lakes, and this year “ ...the gales of November came early.”
At
1:00 a.m. on November 10, the ship reported winds at 52 knots and waves about 10
feet high; she was 20 miles south of Isle Royale.
At
7:00 a.m. another weather report was issued from the ship. This time winds were
at 35 knots and waves were holding at 10 feet. The ship would not make another
weather report.
Captain McSorley |
It
was 3:30 p.m. when Captain McSorley radioed to the SS Arthur M. Anderson, another
ship also out in the storm, reporting damage and requesting that the Anderson
stay close until the Fitz could get to Whitefish Bay Michigan.
Final Course |
About
4:10 Captain McSorley radioed the Anderson that he had lost both radars and
needed assistance with his position. The Anderson radioed back that they would keep
the Fitzgerald advised of their position. (To hear the actual radio
communication, visit http://www.shipwreckmuseum.com/edmund-fitzgerald-36.)
SS Fitzgerald 1971 |
Around
7 p.m., the Anderson radioed that it was following the Fitzgerald, lagging about
10 miles behind. When asked how McSorley was “making out with your
problem?” He replied, “We are holding
our own.” It was the last transmission that would come from the Edmund
Fitzgerald. The ship hit a squall at 7:15 p.m. and 10 minutes later, the Fitzgerald
vanished from radar.
At
2 a.m. on November 11, the William Clay Ford arrived at the site where the
Fitzgerald went down – 17 miles northwest of Whitefish Point, Michigan. There were no survivors.
It
was later reported that winds reached 45 knots where the Fitzgerald had last been reported, with
waves as high as 30 feet.
In
May 1976, the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald was officially identified. Its
final resting place is about 520 feet underwater in Lake Superior. Divers
reported that both water pumps were damaged on the ship, and the lifeboats had
been destroyed by the storm’s force. Many speculate that the ship was taken
down by huge waves swamping or pushing the Fitz underwater.
Reports |
Numerous
expeditions have been conducted at the wreckage site over the years. The U.S. Coast Guard rejected a preliminary report of faulty hatches in 1978. To this day an actual reason for the
ship’s sinking remains undetermined.
The
ship’s bell was raised in 1995 and restored. It now rests in the Great Lakes Shipwreck
Museum in Whitefish Point, Michigan. Each November 10th the bell
tolls 29 times in memory of the 29 crewmen who died that fateful night.
Gordon
Lightfoot commemorated the sinking of the freighter with his song “The
Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald” released in 1976. (This version includes edited footage by
Joseph Fulton.)
It
is now forty years later, and the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald is still one
of the greatest tragedies, and biggest mysteries to have ever occurred on any of the Great Lakes.
~Joy
Special
thanks to:
The
SS Edmund Fitzgerald Online