Friday, May 18, 2012

Faces From the Past - Ceramic Memorial Plaques

 

They go by many names – those faces from the past.  Ceramic pictures, photo porcelain plaques, memorial portraitures, even postmortem portraits.  They first began appearing on gravestones in the U.S. back at the turn of the century.  What began as a oval porcelain tablet with an image transferred on to it has changed and been refined over the years into modern day ceramic memorial plaques that are weather and fade resistant.


In 1854 two French photographers, Bulot and Cattin, patented a process to adhere a photographic image to porcelain or enamel by firing it in a kiln. The original ceramic pictures were done in black and white and then mounted on gravestones.  The process caught on throughout Eastern and Southern Europe, and Latin America.


For the first time, ceramic pictures made it easy and affordable for the graves of the working class to be personalized with a likeness of the deceased. Before this only the wealthy had sculptures, busts, and carvings done in their likenesses on their tombs.


In 1893, the J.A. Dedouch Company began in Oak Park, Illinois.  They quickly became one of the most popular companies that manufactured ceramic tombstone pictures.  In 2004, Dedouch was sold to the Canadian company, PSM.  After one hundred eleven years in business, J.A. Dedouch was also the oldest company to have crafted these memorial portraits.


By the turn of the century this type of personalization was becoming very popular and available around the world.  The 1929 Montgomery Wards & Company Monuments catalog sold ceramic pictures for gravestones and described them as eternal portraits that “endow the resting place of the dead with a living personality.”  Priced from $6.50 to $13.50, they were available in an oval, round, or rectangular shape and came in three different sizes.


Today, ceramic pictures come in a variety of sizes and shapes including the traditional oval, rectangular, and round shapes along with
heart shaped images.  The pictures are now done mainly in color, although black and white, and sepia tones are still available.  The pictures are digitized, placed on porcelain shapes, and then baked at 1600 degrees so the image will not fade.  A 3 x 4 oval will run around $300.  Ceramic pictures can also be mounted on mausoleum doors, benches, cremation urns, and columbariums.


Ceramic memorial pictures give us the opportunity to glimpse back into history. As the old adage goes, “The eyes are the window to the soul,” and these ceramic memorial plaques allow us one more chance to look into the eyes of this long-ago past and identify personally with someone who lived in it.

~ Joy

Friday, May 11, 2012

Discover America’s Hidden (Cemetery) Gems During National Preservation Month

 May is National Preservation Month and this year’s theme is Discover America’s Hidden Gems.  What a perfect time to explore our historic cemeteries, and to help find ways to preserve our unused, forgotten, and damaged cemeteries.

National Preservation Month began in 1971 to call attention to grassroots preservation efforts around the country.  In 2005, May was officially designated as National Preservation Month and is now observed throughout the United States.

Up-rooted Stones
Forgotten Cemetery
There are many cemeteries across this country (and the world,) in desperate need of preservation.  Cemetery preservation can include anything from documenting a cemetery, to gaining national or historic designations as landmarks or historical places, to resetting and repairing headstones, restoring buildings or mausoleums, mending fences, even notifying officials of the location of an abandoned cemetery, or contacting and gaining legal assistance in order to take back a cemetery that is being misused or destroyed.


Preserving a cemetery takes money, man-hours, an understanding of what needs to be done and the best way to accomplish these goals.  Most states offer free preservation workshops, and a cemetery preservation guide, usually available from the state’s historical preservation agency.  But even armed with this knowledge, a preservation or restoration group should still seek out a professional in the field for a consultation and/or assistance.


Loosing a Stone
Unattended Cemetery
Many of the cemeteries in need of some type of preservation are small, 10 acres or less.  These sites are usually privately owned, or owned by a small village or town that can no longer afford their upkeep or repairs.  This is where volunteers are the life-blood of preservation, but we must do it in the most acceptable and least damaging manner possible.

An attempt at Repair
Shattered name
There are varying levels of skills are needed to perform cemetery preservation.  Some preservation work may require attending a workshop and following a training manual if you’re, say, resetting a stone.  Others require trained professionals with experience to become involved.  And the hardest repairs and preservation methods call for professionals to be hired.

Set in concrete
Pieced together
Repairing historic grave markers properly is very difficult.  Most repairs are complicated and a professional is required.  This is not a time to skimp on the money needed or correct supplies required for the repairs.  Although the stones shown here have been ‘fixed’, they were not repaired in the correct manner and have compromised the original headstone.  Repairs made by using a material that is harder than the original gravestone will cause tension on the stone that can lead to new breaks and cracks.


Fallen wall
Broken fence
Cemetery fences, family plot dividers and mausoleum walls can all be found in need of repairs.  Again, it is best to locate an expert in order to maintain the original look and integrity of the site.  Historic preservation groups are great sources to help you in locating qualified assistance.


Human Skeletal Remains Act
If you know of a cemetery in need of preservation, contact your state’s historic preservation agency.  If you have discovered a cemetery that is being vandalized, excavated or destroyed, get in touch with your local Cemetery Department or Commission, or contact the Parks Department.  If all else fails, contact a state legislator, or the Office of Comptroller for guidance. The State of Illinois enacted a Human Skeletal Remains Protection Act (HSRPA) in 1989 to stop such desecration. Human Skeletal Remains Protection Act (20 ILCS 3440; 17 IAC 4170)   Check to see if your state has a similar law.

For more information on cemetery preservation, visit:
The Association for Gravestone Studies, (AGS) www.gravestonestudies.org
Founded in 1977, AGS is an international organization that offers publications, conferences and workshops about the historical significance of grave markers.


National Preservation Institute, (NPI) http://www.npi.org/sem-cemet.html
The NPI was founded in 1980 and offers education and professional training for those involved in the preservation, management and stewardship of cultural heritage.


The National Park Service’s National Center for Preservation Technology and Training, (NCPTT) http://ncptt.nps.gov/category/training/com/
The NCPTT applies science and technology to historic preservation through the areas of architecture, archeology, materials conservation, and landscape architecture.

Pioneer Cemetery
It is our responsibility, as citizens, historians, and genealogists, to assist in the preservation of cemeteries.  These ’Gateways to the Past’ provide us with amazing cultural resources, a wealth of historical assets, and valued public landscapes.  They are worth protecting and preserving for future generations!

~ Joy

Friday, May 4, 2012

Considering Pet Cemeteries

 

My Kids
Standing Guard
May is National Pet Month and pets have always been a part of the family in many parts of our culture.  In fact, ceremonial burial of pets has been practiced in every part of the world at some point in time throughout history


Gretta's 'Green' Grave
Rauls' Grave at Home
Today we consider burial options for them just as we do for humans.  And nowadays there are many options to consider – from the traditional pet burial at home, to cremation, to green burial, to pet cemeteries.




Mummified Cat
Egyptian Cat
In Ancient Egypt, pets were mummified, just like people.  Sections of land along the Nile were designated for the burial of animals.  It was also acceptable for pets to be interred in the tomb of their owners.  In 1888, an Egyptian farmer discovered a tomb outside of Beni Hasan that held over 80 thousand mummified cat remains, dating from 1000-2000 BCE.

Ashkelon National Park
5th Century Remains in Dog Cemetery
Ashkelon National Park in Ashkelon, Israel is home to the largest dog cemetery from ancient times.  Over 700 dog remains have been discovered so far, dating back to the fifth century B.C.  Much more excavation needs to be done before the final number of canine remains will be known.  Researchers say it is the largest known animal cemetery in the ancient world.  Careful attention was paid to the treatment of these animals after death, giving them a proper and respectful burial.


Beloved Pets
Entrance to Cemetery of Dogs
The Cimetière des Chiens et Autres Animaux Domestiques is located in the northwest Paris suburb of Asnières-sur-Seine, Île-de-France. Established in 1899, the name literally means “Cemetery of Dogs and Other Domestic Animals” and it is the burial ground for cats, horses, fish, moneys, even lions – all pets. The French government declared the cemetery a historical monument in 1987, but due to a lack of interest and tourism, it may have to close.


Dr Samuel Johnson
Pet Funeral Procession
In the United States, Hartsdale Pet Cemetery in Greenburgh, New York is the largest and oldest pet cemetery in the country, possibly the oldest in the world.  Started by Dr. Samuel Johnson, Professor of Veterinary Surgery at New York University in 1896, it was never really his intention to open an animal cemetery. When a client approached him and asked for his assistance in finding a suitable location to bury her beloved pet, one that was not illegal and would not be destroyed, Johnson suggested the apple orchard on his country property in Westchester County. 

(Johnson was also active in founding the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA).

Hartsdale Canine Cemetery
The Entrance today
Johnson told this narrative to a reporter who then printed a story about it.  Soon Dr. Johnson was inundated with requests from other pet owners.  He originally set aside three acres to be used for a pet cemetery. Then in 1914, the Hartsdale Canine Cemetery came into being. It is now the final resting place of over 75,000 pets, including many canines that served in the U.S. military. 

The Hartsdale Pet Cemetery also holds the cremated remains of over 600 people who did not want to be separated from their faithful friends. Although the state of New York ruled in June 2011, that placing human remains in a pet cemetery was illegal, a tremendous outcry from pet owners caused them to re-evaluate the law and reverse it in December 2011.


Landscaped Pet Cemetery
There are now over 400 pet cemeteries in the United States.  This option is now available throughout the country.  Using a pet cemetery is a decision pet owners may make so that they can know that their pet is being treated with dignity and respect.  It is also an option for those without a private yard for burial, or for those who seek a quiet and undisturbed location for the final resting place of a dear friend.  And as an added note, about 25% of pet cemeteries in America will accept the cremains of humans in their cemeteries.


Traditional burial is still the most practiced of burial options, but green burials, inurnment, and cremation are catching on.  And there are other options – 


Mummified Birds
Mummified Poodle
Utah- based Summum, http://www.summum.org/mummification/ is the world’s only mummification company.  It offers Egyptian-style mummification for people, and pets. Mummification for a pet takes four to eight months.  When mummification is complete, your pet is placed in a bronze mummiform and sent back to you.

"The Boys" Headstone
Tanner's Headstone with Photo
Many companies began offering headstones and grave markers for pets in the 1940’s.  Pets can now be memorialized in many different ways; with simple headstones, grave markers that include photos or etchings, personalized epitaphs, even elaborate statues.  And the use of pet headstones is not limited to pet cemeteries.  Reports indicate that many people order stones to put in their yards or gardens where their pet is buried.

Burial is a way of honoring an animal, of expressing love and respect for a faithful friend, and of the belief that we will continue to share our journey, even in the after life, with our pets.  It shows a compassionate and caring attitude for our non-human companions in a world that is becoming increasingly impersonal.

This newer version of the poem, The Rainbow Bridge, seems to sum up our hopes and wishes for a continued journey with our furry family members.

The Rainbow Bridge (inspired by a Norse legend)


By the edge of a woods, at the foot of a hill,
Is a lush, green meadow where time stands still.
Where the friends of man and woman do run,
When their time on earth is over and done.
For here, between this world and the next,
Is a place where each beloved creature finds rest.
On this golden land, they wait and they play,
Till the Rainbow Bridge they cross over one day.
No more do they suffer, in pain or in sadness,
For here they are whole, their lives filled with gladness.
Their limbs are restored, their health renewed,
Their bodies have healed, with strength imbued.
They romp through the grass, without even a care,
Until one day they start, and sniff at the air.
All ears prick forward, eyes dart front and back,
Then all of a sudden, one breaks from the pack.
For just at that instant, their eyes have met;
Together again, both person and pet.
So they run to each other, these friends from long past,
The time of their parting is over at last.
The sadness they felt while they were apart,
Has turned into joy once more in each heart.
They embrace with a love that will last forever,
And then, side-by-side, they cross over… together.

                                               ~ Steve and Diane Bodofsky

~ Joy



For information on pet cemeteries or for assistance with pet bereavement contact the International Association of Pet Cemeteries & Crematories (IAOPPC) http://www.iaopc.com/