Showing posts with label Illinois. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Illinois. Show all posts

Friday, September 19, 2014

The Restoration of Hickory Hill (The Old Slave HOuse) Cemetery


Good Samartain Restoration Team
On a recent, hot July afternoon, a group made up of nine volunteers began work on restoring two of the most controversial cemeteries in Illinois – Hickory Hill and Lawler. The cemeteries are located side by side within sight of the old Crenshaw place, better known as the Old Slave House.



Gallatin County
Located in Gallatin County, near Equality, Illinois, these cemeteries are the final resting places of several members of the Crenshaw and Lawler families including John Hart Crenshaw, a key figure on the reverse Underground Railroad. Lawler Cemetery was named after Crenshaw’s son-in-law, Civil War General Michael Kelly Lawler.

Old Slave House History
John Hart Crenshaw
Slave Auction
John Hart Crenshaw was a southern Illinois resident who became deeply involved in the slave trade during the 1820’s; he was charged several times with kidnapping during this time. Crenshaw became an actual slave trader in 1827.  The first documented case against him involved a black indentured servant named Frank Granger whom Crenshaw kidnapped and took to Kentucky in 1828.  The second kidnapping case followed on the heels of the first and involved a free black woman named Lucinda and her two children.  Crenshaw kidnapped the three and took them to Barren County, Kentucky in 1828 to be sold into slavery.

In 1829, Crenshaw and his brother, Abraham, bought the land where the Old Slave House would be built and broke ground in 1834. The house was finished in 1838. Crenshaw claimed the house was built for his wife, Sinia Taylor Crenshaw and their five children, but it was also used as a holding station for kidnapped free blacks before they were sent “down the river” and into slavery in the south. With Kentucky (a slave state) just across the river, it was easy to do.


Whipping Post
The first and second floors of the house were furnished with European artwork and furniture, the third floor was constructed of thicker walls with over a dozen cells, about the size of horse stalls, all equipped with heavy metal rings and chains.  A whipping post was located at either end of the hallway next to the windows which provided the only light and air into the attic.



3rd Floor of the Old Slave House
A secret wagon entrance was built in the back of the house where covered wagons carrying kidnapped blacks and indentured whites would drive directly in. Then those kidnapped would be taken up the back stairs to the third floor attic where they were imprisoned in cells, tortured, raped, whipped, and sometimes murdered.




Saline River
Crenshaw created a reverse Underground Railroad in Illinois. He and his hired men would capture free blacks from the North and smuggle them across the river into Kentucky where they would be “sold down the river” into slavery in the southern states. Crenshaw even devised a slave-breeding program in the attic.   A slave named Uncle Bob was used as the stud breeder to provide Crenshaw with more “cargo” to sell off down south. 

Burning of Mill
Crenshaw was finally indicted in 1842 for the kidnapping of Maria, his cook, and her seven children.  Because of his clout and financial standing in the community, he was found not guilty.  But people in the area began to talk and suddenly Crenshaw’s methods were being questioned.  His mill was burned and his standing as an upright and moral man in the community was waning.  Business in the salt works he owned began to decline as more profitable salt was discovered in Ohio and Virginia. Crenshaw watched as his empire dwindled.


Old Slave House
John & Sinia Crenshaw
Crenshaw died December 4, 1871, his wife, Sinia, in 1881.  Both were buried in the tiny, joined cemeteries of Hickory Hill and Lawler, located within sight of their former mansion. The cemetery was avoided by most and eventually fell into disrepair. It seemed a fitting note that Crenshaw’s stone was toppled off of its pedestal and was left laying flat in the ground for years.


Then in December 2000, the State of Illinois acquired the house and two acres of land from George Sisk, Jr. In 2011, the Center for Archaeological Investigations at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale finished their historical, architectural and archaeological research and excavations of the property.

Crenshaw's Stone
But no one appeared to care about the cemeteries. Vandals had done a lot of damage to the stones, and storms had wrecked havoc with falling limbs and uprooted trees.






Restoring the Cemeteries

Angie Johnson
When Angie Johnson, an Illinois native, found out that the cemeteries were in disrepair, she and her 16-member Good Samaritans Restoration team decided to step in and request permission to restore and preserve them. It took two years to get the paperwork in order for the Illinois Historical Preservation Agency before the group could begin but in 2013, Angie was granted permission to restore Hickory Hill and Lawler Cemeteries.


Cleaning Stones
The actual restoration took place this past July. There were about 35 stones in the cemeteries and most needed some type of repair, restoration or cleaning. Angie and her team took it all in stride, dividing up into groups to do stone cleaning, stone repair, and the big jobs - replacing those monuments that had been toppled over. 





Hoisting a Stone in Place
Placing the Stone on the Pedestal
Taking two weekends, the group worked on leveling, repairing, and hoisting monuments back in place. 








Hickory Hill - Before
When the team started the cemetery looked like this - 






Hickory Hill - After
Today, the cemetery is back in shape, with straight, gorgeous monuments and stones; a beautiful  cemetery that encourages visitors to linger, and once again, demands respect.





Paperwork for Hickory Hill
Good Samaritans Restoration
Angie took preservation classes through the Illinois Historical Preservation Agency, learning how to do the restoration work, finding out about laws governing cemeteries, and discovering how to fill out the mountains of paperwork required to document the process. The Good Samaritans Restoration Group is made up of volunteers who give their time freely to repair and restore cemeteries throughout the state of Illinois.

Toppled Stone ...
Angie Johnson has had an interest in cemeteries for years. She founded the Illinois Chapter of the Association of Gravestone Studies in 2012 and holds semi-annual Cemetery Crawls around the state as a way to acquaint others with the history and beauty of local and regional cemeteries.


... Restored Stone
You can keep up with her restoration activities on her website Walk Among the Dead Girl @ http://www.walkamongthedeadgirl.com or by visiting The Good Samaritans Restoration Facebook page @ https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Good-Samaritans-Restoration/596631623753086.





Crenshaw House
In 2004, the National Park Service declared the Crenshaw House, also known as the Old Slave House, as a station in the ‘Reverse Underground Railroad Network to Freedom’ program, thus acknowledging the sadistic part that John Crenshaw played in condemning free blacks and indentured servants to lives of slavery.
While Crenshaw was not the only slave trader in the state of Illinois, he became the most notorious and the most ruthless in Illinois’ history. 



Now Owned by the State of Illinois
Posted - NO Trespassing
Unfortunately, the state of Illinois has no plans to reopen the house. That's a shame since this sad part of the state’s history could make a powerful impact on visitors, and future generations.


Hickory Hill Cemetery
It would be wonderful to see Hickory Hill and Lawler Cemeteries also gain protection under the National Park Service. Thanks to Angie Johnson and her team, these cemeteries have been restored and can continue to teach this, and subsequent generations, some powerful lessons.

~ Joy

Friday, November 18, 2011

Remembering a Life Well Lived - Harry ‘Hap’ Fleming


There is an old adage genealogists will appreciate, “You can’t choose your family, but you can choose your friends.”  And many times they become your family.

Harry 'Hap' Fleming
and Nipper
This post began as a remembrance to an old and dear friend, Harry ‘Hap’ Fleming. (He earned the name ‘Hap’ as a child because he was always happy.) But as I attempted to put the pictorial elements together, I realized how many times, we as genealogists, face the situation where all of the pieces of someone’s life are gone!  They’ve been discarded after the person died - thrown away, given away or sold in hopes of making a ‘big’ profit.  Unfortunately, this was the case with Hap’s photo album and scrapbooks.  This was Hap’s chronicle to his younger days when he played with the Big Bands.

Tommy Dorssey
Jimmy Dorsey
Now, granted, there were no pictures of Glen Miller’s Band or Tommy Dorsey’s Orchestra in Hap’s album, though Hap did play gigs where the Dorsey Brothers were playing.  According to Hap, “Those boys fought tooth and nail, day and night, until they went on stage.  Then they put all differences aside and played “the music that satisfies,” (a reference to the Chesterfield Quarter Hour program from 1932.)  Jimmy broke off from his brother Tommy’s band and both men went on to lead two of the most popular Big Bands of the era.

1930's Ballroom
No, Hap Fleming started out in a dance band back in the 30’s as a piano player.  And Hap could PLAY!  Although he did take lessons for a year or so as a child, he refused to practice.  Finally his piano teacher told his mother, “Stop wasting your money on that boy.  He’ll never learn the correct piano techniques.”  And it was true, he never learned the schooled method – but Hap could make a piano come alive, playing swinging Big Band tunes that made you want to dance, or quiet sentimental ‘sweet’ music, that made you remember and long for something better.  He was a natural, playing it all by ear.


Lawrence Welk
A Pennsylvania native, Hap played with several bands including the Jimmy Simms Orchestra.  He joined fellow Kittanning resident, Angelo ‘Angie’ Sgro’s swing band in the forties.  They started out playing places like the Alexander Hotel and graduated to the Sunset Grove Ballroom near Rural Valley, Pennsylvania.  The 13-member group opened for the Big Band greats such as Jan Garber, Sammy Kay, and Lawrence Welk.  And once, Lawrence Welk’s Orchestra returned the favor and actually opened for them!

Band Leader Lee Angelo
(Angie Sgro)
The Band's 36 Olds Station Wagon
The dance band’s popularity grew.  They played Pittsburgh and were ‘discovered.’ The group of hometown boys came to be known as the Lee Angelo Dance Band. They toured the country, packing ballrooms, country clubs and dance halls from Pittsburgh to Denver, Chicago to Mississippi. Hap’s stories of playing till early in the morning, then packing it all up into a couple of station wagons and heading down the road to the next gig, always captivated me.  I could just imagine those (always, in my mind) moonlit drives in the middle of the night, still talking and joking about the evening’s show, until the first glimpse of dawn, when everyone would settle down and sleep until the cars pulled in to the next town and it was time to get up and do it all again – simply for the pure joy of it!

Club Trocadero
So it would only make sense that Hap would meet the love of his life ‘on the road.’  Annis Skaggs Fleming was a singer with a local Big Band. She and Hap both were playing at the Club Trocadero Club in Henderson, Kentucky when they met.  Two months later they were married.  They toured together with Lee Angelo’s band for a short time, but Annis became homesick, so they returned to her hometown of Robinson, Illinois. 

Guy Winger Combo with
Annis and Hap Fleming,
Florence and Guy Winger
Hap found a job in real estate, but a piano was always close at hand. He began playing piano for the Guy Winger Combo.  Annis returned as the group’s singer and soon the quartet was traveling around the Midwest.  When the group disbanded several years later, Hap continued to play.  He would perform solo for restaurants, civic groups and clubs throughout the Indiana- Illinois region.  In fact, he was still playing piano for the public when he was 90.

Crawford County Historical Society
SAR Logo for
Pennsylvania
Hap also had a love of history.  He was a proud member of the Sons of the American Revolution, having a maternal and paternal Revolutionary ancestor who fought in the war.  Hap worked countless hours as a volunteer at the Crawford County Historical Society in Robinson, Illinois, and helped establish a museum for county history and artifacts, serving as president for many years. 

Author James Jones
 and Desk
Author James Jones was a Robinson native and friend of Hap and Annis’.  Both always had wonderful stories to tell about him and the scandalous book he wrote that was a thinly disguised story of the ‘good and bad’ in the little town of Robinson.  Hap was instrumental in saving the desk where Jones wrote “From Here to Eternity,” and having it reconstructed and reconditioned for the museum.


Jimmy Stewart
Carol Lombard & Clark Gable
It seems Hap and Annis always knew famous people.  As a child, Hap and Jimmy Stewart played together while their father’s fished.  Author James Jones dated Annis in high school and later wrote a short story, ‘The Ice Cream Headache’ for her.  Hap was well acquainted with Lawrence Welk, and Ann B. Davis of Brady Bunch fame was a frequent dinner guest in Robinson. Once, while dining at a swank dinner club in Chicago, the maitre d’ approached Hap and Annis, asking if they would mind sharing their out-of-the-way table with another couple.  After saying yes, Clark Gable and Carole Lombard were seated with them for an entertaining evening.  And, unbeknownst to me, Hap was having breakfast with Richard Geer when they shot the Mothman Prophecies in Kittanning.  True to his word, he didn’t tell anyone until after the shoot was over.


Wine Painting by Hap Fleming
And the story of Hap’s life wouldn’t be complete without mentioning the oil paintings he and Annis did.  Encouraged by Annis’ brother, they bought canvas, paints, easels, and began.  Both had an artistic eye and the natural talent to paint interesting and captivating pictures.  When finished they would gift their paintings to people around the country.  I am proud to say that I own the only oil Hap painted that had to do with wine.  Since that is my profession, it means a lot to me.


Unfortunately when Hap died in November 2003 his estate was intestate.  He trusted that what he said he wanted to happen would.  Somewhere along the line his Big Band photo album and scrapbooks disappeared.  My fear is that they were parted out and the famous Big Band autographs and photos he had collected over the years were sold for cash.  Done so without a thought to the fact that these books were a very meaningful record of his life.

Regrettably this happens all too often.  So a few pointers; make sure, if you are the person designated to receive a loved one’s memory books, it’s put in writing and you have a copy.  If those items are truly gone, try to recreate what you remember was there.  Contact anyone you can remember who might still have photos or mementos of those earlier times.  This applies not only to those who have recently passed, but ancestors from generations back.  The Internet makes detective work more possible and much easier now.  You’ll be surprised what is out there.

Club Trocadero Menu
Article on Lee Angelo Band
EBay is a wealth of old pictures, postcards, dance cards and menus from long forgotten places.  Check 
newspaperarchives.com for any relevant clippings and articles.  Although I haven’t located the actual 1930’s articles about his band, I did rediscover this write up done in the Indiana, Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper.  This came out in December 2000 when Brian and I were spending the holidays with Hap.  He told me stories about the ‘Big Band days’ yet again, and finding this helped to jog my memory on other anecdotes he had shared with me throughout the years.

We lost Hap on November 20, 2003.
 He was 92.
While I do not have Hap’s actual photos and keepsakes, I have the memories of countless hours spent pouring over his scrapbooks with him, and his enjoyment in retelling and reliving the life that went with them.  Those memories are the most wonderful of all – and they are something I’ll always treasure.  

Harry 'Hap' Fleming
During our last visit with Hap, he sat at the piano for well over an hour one evening, playing song after song, taking us all back to another time when the music, and life, seemed to be more straightforward and less complicated.   And the fact that Hap could convey that at the piano was just a part of his magical gift.  It was, quite simply, just who he was.  Hap Fleming was a man who enjoyed life and making people happy with his music.  What a wonderful way to be remembered.

~ Joy


(Special thanks to Tim and Jane Attaway of Pulliam's Funeral Home, Oblong, Illinois.
And to Sue Jones, Crawford County Historical Society, Robinson, Illinois.)