A Grave Interest: Dellinger

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

Grave Superstitions

Today is the ‘Ides of March’ and that seems the perfect time to cover grave superstitions. A soothsayer, who knew what he was talking about, gave the warning “Beware the Ides of March” to Julius Caesar. Caesar was stabbed 23 times on March 15^th, 44 B.C. by 60 senators – including his best friend, Marcus Julius Brutus, (“Et tu Brute?” –Thank you William Shakespeare.)

My grandmother, Ethyl France Dellinger & Florrie.

Superstitions are actually beliefs we hold without any true or rational basis, beliefs that may be exaggerated or simply false. Superstitions exist for all aspects of life – love, luck, weddings, pregnancy, money, theatre, weather, and, of course, death. They are passed on from person to person, generation to generation. Call them old wives tales, folklore or prophecy, superstitions foretell or fore sway future events. Growing up in Indiana, I learned my fair share of ‘tall tales.’ My grandmother, Ethyl Dellinger, passed on many family superstitions to me. Some that I remember that had to do with death include:

Never county the number of cars in a funeral procession.

(I was a notorious counter.)

Never point at a funeral procession, its bad luck.

Never take flowers from a grave.

If you spill salt, immediately throw some over your left shoulder to keep the Devil at bay.

An owl hooting outside of your window for three nights in a row foretells a death – yours of someone close to you.

Here are some other death superstitions you may have heard.

Death superstitions involving nature:

Flowers will grow on the grave of someone who lived a good line. Only weeds grow on the grave of someone who was evil.

If a bird flies into your window, there has been a death.

If you see an owl during the day, there will be a death close to you.

An owl hooting outside of your window for three nights in a row foretells a death, yours of someone close to you.

If lightening strikes near the house when someone is dying, the devil has come for their soul.

If it rains in an open grave, it’s bad luck for the family.

If there is a thunderstorm during a funeral, the deceased has gone to hell.

If there is thunder following a burial then the deceased has reached heaven.

Physical death superstitions:

Hold your breath when passing a graveyard so evil can’t enter.

Another version is: If you don’t hold your breath when passing a cemetery, you will not be buried.

If you have an involuntary shiver, someone has just walked over your grave.

If you cast a headless shadow then you will die in the next year.

If you lie down in a coffin you are taunting death to come and take you.

Never whistle in a graveyard, you are summoning the Devil.

Never wear anything new to a funeral. (Shoes seem to have particular significance.)

Coins should be placed on the eyes of the deceased to pay the ferryman, Charon, to row the departed across the underworld river Styx.

Death superstitions in your home:

Howling dogs in the night signify that someone ill in the house will die soon.

If a picture suddenly falls off of the wall, someone you know has died.

You should stop all clocks in the house where someone dies or it will bring bad luck.

Open a window in the room when someone dies so that they can move on.

Cover all mirrors after a death – so that the soul doesn’t get trapped in them.

A casket must be carried out with the deceased’s feet first.

Death and the number 3:

If you hear three knocks and no one is there, someone close to you has died.

If only 3 candles are lit in a room, the person closest to the shortest candle will be the first to die.

Death comes in threes.

Death superstitions about the graveyard:

A metal cross on a grave will hold the spirit there.

A body should be placed in the grave with its head to the west and feet to the east so that when it rises up it will face the sun.

Never remove anything from a gravesite.

It is bad luck to walk on graves.

It is bad luck to trip when you’re in a cemetery.

Being buried on the north side of the church is considered unlucky because of the lack of sun. That area is usually reserved for criminals and suicides.

It is bad luck to go into a cemetery at night, or to be there at the stroke of midnight.

And I just have to mention – Grave Superstitions is my 13^th blog post for A Grave Interest. (Wish me luck while I search for that rabbit’s foot…… ; )

~ Joy

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

Death Records and Mortality Schedules

Death records are created at the time of death with information provided by a family member or someone who has in-depth knowledge about the deceased. This person is referred to as the informant. Death records are viewed by genealogists as part of a trio of vital records, made up of birth, marriage and death certificates. They are known as primary sources.

It is interesting that the death record, or certificate, usually has the most information concerning the deceased and is the most recent record available about their life. Death certificates are considered the best records to use when starting your research due to all of the information provided. The death certificate can also point you toward other searches.

Data listed on a death record includes the full name of the deceased, date of death, and place of death. This is what makes this a source of primary information. But be aware, even this information can be incorrect. Notice my grandfather’s death certificate lists him as being buried on December 22, 1000.

Other information on a death certificate can include age, time of death, cause of death, last residence, occupation, military service, date of birth, place of birth, marital status, name of physician or medial examiner, funeral home, and burial location, along with the name of the informant and relationship to the deceased. Parent’s names and birthplaces, spouse’s name, if still alive, and possibly children. A death record can help you verify what you know to be true, but this information should be treated as a secondary source until substantiated. Remember, the accuracy of most of this information is based on the replies of the informant.

As an example regarding this, my grandfather, Robert Dellinger’s death certificate lists his occupation as a truck driver. The only truck Grandpa ever drove was a Ford of various models. However, he and my grandma did run a poultry processing business on their farm. (I still cannot stand the smell of wet feathers!) Why Grandpa’s daughter listed his occupation as truck driver, I don’t know. If you find errors on the death certificate, be skeptical of other information until you can verify it for yourself.

While death records are a great source of information, most states didn’t require them to be kept until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. New England states have much better death records because their churches have been registering this information for over three hundred years.

Vital records, which include death records, marriage and birth records, may be obtained at the local, county or state level. Usually the local or county offices can accommodate a request faster that the state. When requesting a death certificate be sure to specify that you would like a full death certificate. This can include much more detailed information than the shorter version. Also be prepared to show ID and verify your relationship to the deceased.

The WPA’s (Works Program Administration) Federal Writers’ Project gathered vital records from the 1930’s through 1943. They were published as the List of Vital Statistical Records and cover information on births, marriages and deaths in forty states. Most genealogical libraries usually have a copy.

Mortality schedules are an often forgotten source of genealogical information. These schedules list the deaths of state residents who died during the twelve months prior to the census being taken. A census taker in 1850 would ask who had died the previous year – from June 1, 1849 to May 31, 1850 - in that household and then list them in the 1850 mortality schedule. The mortality schedules were recorded for the federal censuses of 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 and 1900.

Dates used for the schedules include:

June 1, 1849 – May 31, 1850

June 1, 1859 - May 31, 1860

June 1, 1869 – May 31, 1870

June 1, 1879 – May 31, 1880

June 1, 1884 – May 31, 1885

June 1, 1889 – May 31, 1890

June 1, 1899 – May 31, 1900

Unfortunately, the mortality schedules for 1890 and 1900 have been destroyed. State mortality schedules were taken in 1855, 1865, 1875 and 1885. Not all states were included in these schedules and not all deaths during these time periods were reported.

Mortality schedules will have information on the deceased including their name, sex, age, color (white, black, mulatto,) month that death occurred in, place of birth, marital status, occupation or trade, parents birthplaces (added in 1870,) cause of death, number of days they were ill, and place where disease was contracted (added in 1880.)

Diseases were usually identified by their symptoms. The problem with this method is that several diseases may have the same or similar symptoms. To get a better understanding of some of the medical terms used in the mortality schedules, the Michigan Family History Network Blog has a wonderful listing term and their definitions. http://www.mifamilyhistory.org/blog/post/2009/04/24/Some-Medical-Terms-Used-in-Death-Records.aspx

Here are two examples of what the transcribed schedules can look like.